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Milorad Popović Šapčanin ((セルビア語:Милорад Поповић Шапчанин), 7 July 1841 Šabac, Principality of Serbia — 28 February 1895 Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia) was Serbian poet, writer, dramatist, pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Realism in his approach. He was also artistic director of the National Theatre in Belgrade (1877 and 1880-1893), a member of the Serbian Learned Society and Serbian Royal Academy. ==Biography== Milorad Popović Šapčanin was born in Šabac, then part of the Principality of Serbia, on the 12 of July 1841 to Sava and Jelisaveta Popović. His father was a respected teacher, writer and judge in the town of Sabac, and a loyal friend of the ruling Obrenović dynasty. In 1842, however, he lost his post suddenly when Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia was deposed. Sava first went to Zemun and then to Irig, where his wife Jelisaveta and their four children—Paul, George, Milorad and Katica—soon joined him. (Their fifth child, Danica, was not born yet). Sava managed to secure a job as a clerk in Irig. There his youngest son Milorad grew up and completed his elementary education. For his secondary education Milorad attended the Gymnasium Jovan Jovanović Zmaj in Novi Sad and the Gymnasium of Karlovci before going to Belgrade's Grande école. In Novi Sad Milorad Popović got the nickname "Šapčanin", in other words, the man from Šabac, which he would eventually adopt as his pen name, ''nom de plume''. It was the exposure to Novi Sad and Sremski Karlovci that he became acquainted with the ideas of Serbian patriotism and Slav reciprocity. Šapčanin was inspired by a burning enthusiasm for the greatness and welfare of Serbia (then divided by two emipres), and worked in the same reformatory direction as all other contemporary intellectuals of his. He was also politically engaged, sympathizing with the ideas of the United Serbian Youth, among whom were Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Đura Jakšić, Stojan Novaković, Jovan Đorđević, Čedomilj Mijatović, Laza Kostić, Ljubomir Nenadović, Laza Lazarević (his future brother-in-law), Milan Milićević, Milovan Glišić, and others. In the meantime, Šapčanin's family fortune had changed somewhat by then. In 1858 Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia was restored as prince for the last two years of his life. Miloš's son, Prince Mihailo Obrenović III, once again took over the throne, now vacated by the death of his father in 1860, and Sava Popović and his family were back in Šabac. Šapčanin's father (Sava) was named to the post of district judge by Prince Mihailo himself. Not long after, Sava died almost the same year that Šapčanin graduated from the School of Divinity of Belgrade's Grande école. Upon graduation he became a secretary of the Ecclesiastical Court in Šabac. A poem written by Milorad Popović Šapčanin which appeared in Stojan Novaković's literary magazine ''Vila'' came to the attention of the Serbian prince. Šapčanin was called to Belgrade in 1866 by Mihailo Obrenovic III, Prince of Serbia, to fill a clerical post in the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs, and became a prominent member of the brilliant circle which included Ljubomir Nenadović, writer and director of the Ministry of Culture, playwright Milovan Glišić, short story writer and physician Laza Lazarević, writer Janko Veselinović. In Belgrade Šapčanin enjoyed the continued favour of the Obrenović court. There in 1866 he married Milka Lazarević, Dr. Laza Lazarević's sister, with whom he had four children, however, two died in early childhood. He remained there for the rest of his life, except for an absence of one year when he went abroad to study educational systems of other European countries. He became the intimate of Laza Lazarević, his brother-in-law, historian Stojan Novaković, Ljubomir Nenadović, and Milovan Glišić who convinced him to become the secretary of the newly founded National Theatre in Belgrade in 1868; from then on the artistic world became his chief occupation, and he produced many poems and articles as editor-in-chief of ''Domačica'', with pronounced political tendencies, his object being to point out the evils of foreign interference and domination in Serbia and to reawaken national feeling. The last years of the 1870s were embittered by the war with Turkey (1876-1878), on which Serbia had felt compelled to embark in accordance with the terms of the treaty of alliance with Russia. At the time Šapčanin worked for the press department at the Army's General Headquarters. His life was mainly that of a thinker and a writer. He was a strenuous advocate of reform, especially in teaching of sciences and the arts; and supported the claims of modern languages to a place in the curriculum. Šapčanin laboured to raise the standard of instruction in grade school and high schools in Serbia. With Milan Milićević and Stevan Popović he became involved in reforming the educational system in Serbia. He left Belgrade in 1870 and went abroad to study other countries teaching practices and improve on them as well. He spent a year in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In Germany he visited Berlin, Leipzig, Gotha and Weimar. In Weimar he befriended Joca Simić, a famous Serbian actor living and working there. Savić was a ''protegee'' of Heinrich Laube and Adolf von Sonnenthal. (The paths of the two would meet again when Šapčanin became the artistic director of the National Theatre for the second time.) At the time the Serbian legislature, effecting in 1870 the passage of a bill, framed and introduced by distinguished Serbian educators, which provided for "the better supervision of the common schools" in Serbia. Of this board he was secretary, and during this worked indefatigable to reorganize and reform the common school system of the principality (which was working towards its independence), thus earning a national reputation as an educational reformer. He was a commissioner (''nadzornik'') of public schools in Serbia, and his administration was marked by a decided step in educational progress. He died in Belgrade on the 14th of February 1895. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Milorad Popović Šapčanin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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